Impak ng salitang pabalbal sa ebolusyon ng wikang pambansa

Ni Carlos Marquez

“HESBI na, erap, at me kadla yota.”

“Teka muna, p’re. Goli muna koaks.”

“Dehins na. Naspu ka na ‘lang.”

“’Pre, dyahi sa katabi sa yepdi. Hobarns koaks.”

“’Pre, sitaks na lang yota.”

Hindi iyan palitan ng mga taga-Mars. Pabalbal na usapang iyan na matagal nang uso – bago pa mag-yorme si Kois.

Ang buod ng usapan: Niyaya ang kabigan dahil may pupuntahan. Maliligo daw muna. Huwag na magpunas ka na lamang. Nakakahiya daw dahil mabaho siya at baka maamoy ng makakatabi si diyep. Sagot sa kanya, magta-taksi na ‘lang sila.

Ang totoo niyan, ang mga pabalbal na salitang Filipino ay naging bahagi na ng kulturang Pilipino at mas matindi ito nuong dekada sesenta. (Ang “balbal” o “pabalbal” ay ang Filipino o Tagalog ng English na “slang”). Ang pabalbal na salita, o tinatawag ding salitang-kanto, ay bahagi ng kasiglahan o dinamiko ng wikang Filipino. Maaaring ang iba sa mga ito ay tanggap na at nakalista na sa opisyal na talasalitaang Filipino. Isa pa itong patunay kung gaano nakakalibang ang Wikang Pambansa.

Nang maihalal bilang mayor ng Maynila ang dating aktor na si Isko Moreno ay kagyat na lumabas muli ang mga pabalbal na salita at naging paksa ng usap-usapan sa maraming dako. (Patunay din ito kung gaano ka-impluwensya ang Maynila – pati tunog nito ay ginagaya. Pati tot-u mabango sa mga probinsyano.) At di-kaginsa-ginsa ay lumabas ang “Diksyunaryo ni Ko-is”. Kasabay ng reinkarnasyon ng Maynila ay nabuhay ding mag-uli ang mga salitang balbal.

Narito pa ang ibang balbal na Filipino na matagal na ring ginagamit ng marami:

Parak, lespu (pulis); iskapo (takas); istokwa (naglayas, mula sa Ingles na “stowaway”); epal (mapapel, mahilig magpasikat); spongklong (istupido); erpat (ama); ermat (ina).

Malaki ang naitulong (?) ng panlipunang media sa paglaganap ng mga balbal na Filipino. Saan nabasa ang “lodi” (pabaligtad na sambit sa Ingles na “idol”), werpa (pabaligtad na “power”), petmalu (pabaligtad na malupit, na isa ring pabalbal na pagsasalarawan ng matindi o kahanga-hanga), tsibog (kain), tsika (tsismis).

Eto pa.

Jeproks, ma-porma; bagets, kabataan; gin-bulag, isang uri ng alak na kapag ininom ay pinaniniwalaang nakakabulag; senglot, lasing; amats, lasing na; albor, hiram o ipaubaya (tulad ng “Albor ko na ‘yan, ‘erap” kung medyo alanganin sa kalaban).

Ayon sa isang guro sa isang paaralan sa Metro Manila sa: “Ang wika po ay dynamic, nagbabago ito kasabay ng panahon. Ang mga salitang Filipino ay namamatay dahil walang application. Hindi nagagamit dahil sa colonial mentality at globalization.”

Hango ito sa sa isang artikulo tungkol sa dinamiko na Wikang Filipino.

Sa halip na ismiran, tanggapin na lamang at maaliw sa mga salitang balbal na patuloy na isisilang ng mga dilang Pinoy sa mga susunod pang salinlahi. #

(Bahagi ito ng serye ng premyadong mamamahayag at makatang si Carlos Marquez hinggil sa wika ngayong Buwan ng Wika.)

Ang nakakaaliw, maindayog na Filipino

Ni Carlos Marquez

SINONG Pilipino ang hindi mamahalin at ipagmamalaki ang Pambansang Wika gayung bukod sa maindayog na pagbigkas nito ay hitik na hitik din sa mga kasabihan at idyoma. Mapaglaro at nakaaaliw din ang mga pantig nito. Halimbawa: Ang pantig na “ba”, kapag inulit ng apat na beses ay magbibigay ng kahulugan.

“Nariyan ba ang ate mo?”

“Nasa itaas po.”

“BABABA BA?”

“Opo.”

Isa pa, huwag bigyan ng literal na kahulugan ang pangkat ng maiikling salita kung gusto mong maintindihan. Kagaya ng “itaga mo sa bato.” Mahirap tagain ang bato – masisira ang itak. Ang ibig sabihin ng “itaga mo sa bato” ay “siguradung-sigurado”, isinusumpa ko”, “mangyayari ang sinabi ko”. (Kung minsan, pwede rin ang pabalbal na “peks man”).

Gayundin ang sawikain o idyoma (idiom). Ito ay di-tuwirang pagbibigay-kahulugan at pagpapakita ng kaisipan sa pamamagitan ng salita o pangkat ng mga salita. Kung bagito sa Filipino ang makakarinig sa mga sawikain ay maliligaw ng pang-unawa.

“Bungang-isip”, halimbawa. Ang ibig sabihin nito ay imahinasyon. “Bungang-tulog” o “bungantulog”, panaginip. (Pansinin ang pagkakabit ng dalawang salita na tinanggal ang titik na “g” sa “bungantulog”. May batas sa balarila na sumasaklaw sa ganito na i-reserba na lamang muna natin para sa bukod na pagtalakay).

Narito pa ang ilan sa maraming idyomang Filipino na kapwa nagpapakunot-noo at umaaliw sa mga nuon lamang nakakarinig.

“Butas ang bulsa”, walang pera; “ilaw ng tahanan”, ina; “alog na ang baba”, matanda na; “bahag ang buntot”, duwag; “bukas ang palad”, matulungin; “nagbibilang ng poste”, walang trabaho; “taingang kawali”, nagbibingi-bingihan;”balat-sibuyas”, mabilis masaktan; “pusong bakal”, hindi marunong magpatawad

Buto’t balat, payat; “magaan ang kamay o pingkok”, madaling magalit at manakit; “may daga sa dibdib”, takot, nerbyosos; “bulaklak ng dila”, maligoy magsalita; “makati ang dila”, tsismoso o tsismosa, madaldal.

Maraming-marami pa.

Ikaw, ano pa ang maidadagdag mo? #

(Bahagi ito ng serye ng premyadong mamamahayag at makatang si Carlos Marquez hinggil sa wika ngayong Buwan ng Wika.)

Liwayway at Bulaklak

HINDI maisaisantabi ang ambag ng mga magasing Tagalog na Liwayway at Bulaklak sa pagbukadkad ng Wikang Pambansa. Sabihin nang makaluma, pero walang pamalit sa karunungang isinalansan ng mga ito sa mga tao nuong dekada 40 hanggang sa mga unang bahagi ng dekada 60. Sa mga babasahing ito nakilala ang mga dakila sa panitikang Pilipino, kagaya nina Jose Corazon de Jesus, Florentino Collantes, Julian Cruz Balmaceda, Cecilio Apostol Borromeo, Lope K. Santos, Inigo Ed Regalado, Romualdo Ramos, Francisco Lacsamana, Fausto Galauran at Pedrito Reyes. Si Pedrito Reyes ay anak ni Severino Reyes na lalong kilala sa alyas na “Lola Basyang” dahil sa kanyang mga kuwentong pambata na sinubaybayan sa magasin at nang malaunan ay sa radyo.

Marahil ay hindi na ipagtatanong pa ang mga pangalang nangabanggit sa itaas lalo na ang mga may kaalaman sa panitikang Pilipino na itinuturo sa mataas na paaralan nuon. (Maliban marahil sa mga kabataan ngayon na bukod sa nahuhumaling sa gadyet ay tinapyasan pa ng karapatang malasahan ang alindog at aral ng wikang sabi nga ay sinuso pa sa ating mga ina.

Ang Liwayway, na itinatag ni Ramon Roces nuong dekada 30, ay binuo ng maiikling kuwento at nobela na may ilustrasyon. Ang mga serye ay sinubaybayan ng libu-libong mambabasa sa maraming dako ng Luzon (katulad rin ng pananabiki gabi-gabi at araw-araw sa mga sinusubaybayang teleserye ngayon sa telebisyon). Naglabas din ng mga bersyon ng babasahing ito upang makarating naman sa mga ibang rehiyon – ang Bisaya, Hiligaynon, Bikolano at Bannawag.

Samantala, ang Bulaklak, na unang inilimbag nuong 1947, ay nakipagparayawan sa pagbibigay ng aliw at karunungan sa Liwayway. Katulad rin ng Liwayway ang nilalaman ng Bulaklak na nagtampok ng mga maiikling kuwento, serye ng nobela, mga tula, balitang pang-artista, komiks, at iba pang mga kapaki-pakinabang na salik. Sa Bulaklak unang lumabas si Darna nuong mga dakong 1950.

Magaan ang buhay nuon. Ang karunungan ng mga tao ay nanggagaling sa tahanan, sa paaralan – at sa mga magasing Liwayway at Bulaklak. Hanggang sa nagsulputan ang iba pang magasin na ang pormat ay kumikiliti sa imahinasyong makamundo.

Kung mayroon man sa ngayon ang nakakaalaala pa sa Liwayway at Bulaklak, nakakasigurong malawak ang kaalaman nila lalo na sa pagpapahalaga sa Wikang Pambansa. #

(Bahagi ito ng serye ng premyadong mamamahayag at makatang si Carlos Marquez hinggil sa wika ngayong Buwan ng Wika.)

Ang larawang ginamit ay hinango ng may akda sa Google at kanyang isinalansan.

Hindi Malayo ang Negros

By Luchie Maranan

Akala mo lang 
Wala kang kinalaman,
Wala kang pakialam
Sa islang naglalamay
Sa mga pinaslang.

Ang mapulang tilamsik at daloy 
Ay umaabot sa iyong kinaroroonan
Dahil maniwala ka’t hindi,
“Ang sakit ng kalingkingan
Ay dama ng buong katawan.”

Ang dilim ay malawak na inilalatag
Hanggang ang iyong 
Sariling liwanag ay di na mabanaag.
Nasa hangin ang pulbura ng salarin
Pagtutol ay pupulbusin.

Akala mo lang
Naumid na ang iyong paligid,
Ngunit dinig hanggang sa iyong isip
Ang hiyaw ng dumaraming
Tinutugis at inuusig.

Akala mo lang 
Wala kang kinalaman,
Wala kang pakialam
Ngunit ang Negros ay larawan
Ng iyong sariling bayan.

Hulyo 31, 2019

Late Review: Spider-Man Far From Home

By Tyrone Velez

It was right at the peak of the third act of Spider-Man: Far From Home, where our friendly neighborhood teenage-super-hero was hyper-kinetically evading the drones and trying to get to bad-guy Mysterio, that I had these thoughts:

This is the third version, and third actor of Spider-Man in the past 17 years.

There have been seven Spider-Man movies in the last 17 years, plus one animation movie (Into the Spider-Verse) and three MCU appearances (Infinity War, Endgame and Civil War). He’s tied with Iron Man with the most appearances in MCU with ten movies, with Wolverine coming at second with nine.

There are hits and misses in the whole Spider-Man movie cannon. This one is more of a miss.

What I like in this movie:

1. Tom Holland is a great Peter Parker.

2. Zendaya is a nice version of MJ. Very millennial-geeky-cute. Her chemistry with Tom works.

3. CGI is good, especially when Mysterio wrapped Spidey into his cage of fear and confusion.

4. JK Simmons’ comeback as J Jonah Jameson in the mid-credits makes one excited for the next movie.

5. The mid-credit cliffhanger. Everyone knows who Spider-Man is.

6. The revelation reflects our world today of fake news, disinformation, news as entertainment and hero-worship built on news and hype.

Now the bad things of this movie. Plot holes and poor character development:

1. Peter Parker is smart, but how did he get so stupid to trust someone like Mysterio whom he just met for a day and gave him the parting gift that is EDITH of his beloved mentor/father-figure Tony Stark? 

What is Peter’s motivation and character in this movie? The movie jumps right away into him hyped about a European vacation and going after MJ. Wait, is he supposed to be grieving?

2. Plot holes aplenty. How come no Avenger, or Doctor Strange, was available to check on Mysterio and his claim of a multiverse? Can Talos not ring the real Nick Fury for SOS? But that is the plot of the movie. Everyone got stupid.

3. What is the motive of Mysterio? Revenge? Attention? Gylenhaal is great, but he swings from cool to maniacal too much. Vulture from Homecoming was the well-developed relatable villain.

4. Too much Avengers and moping about Tony in this movie. Too caricaturist schoolmates and stupid teachers in this movie. There was not much time to develop Peter Parker and his angst, which should be the thing that draws us to relate to this character.

5. Too much CGI, sometimes it gets over the top. Go back to the story dude.

I remember watching Spider-Man 2 in 2004, and that was a great story of a young man facing the crisis of being a hero and the sacrifices one takes for saving the world.

Or as Peter B. Parker in “Into the Spider-Verse” (my second favorite of the Spidey canon) says: “It takes a leap of faith”. Far From Home was just jumping all over, without making that leap that we can cheer on. #

Ama nila

Ama nila,
Nasa malakanyang ka,
Sinasamba ng mga hangal ang ngalan mo,
Napapasa-amin ang kahibangan mo,
Sinusunod ng mga panatiko ang loob mo,
Dito sa lupa,
nabubuhay kang parang nasa langit,
Alimura, kabastusan at bala ang iyong pinapakain 
sa amin sa araw-araw,
Wala nang makapagpapatawad sa iyong mga sala,
Gaya ng galit namin sa pambabalahura mo sa amin,
Palagi mong ipinapahintulot sa amin ang de-lubyo,
At iniaadya mo kami sa ganap na paglaya.
Ang kaharian, ang kapangyarihan 
at kaluwalhatian ay nasa iyo,
ngayon ngunit hindi magpakailanman.

Ang kasaysayan ay sa Amin. Amin. Amin.

-Bryan Costa

(Ang makata ay pumanaw sa sakit sa puso kamakailan.)

Imahe mula sa KM 64 Poetry Collective na kinabilangan ng makata.

Ang Sagupaan sa PEPMACO

(Bahagi ng Isang TulaSerye)
ni R.B.Abiva

“Ate, bakit lagi nang ginagabi si Nanay?”
tanong ni Hana sa kapatid
habang nakaharap sa isang palanggana
na puno ng maruming labahin
na binabaran ng pulbos ng Champion.

“Eh paano, inaabot na ng dose oras
ang ating ina sa pagawaan ng sabon,”
tugon ni Calla habang abala ito sa paghuhugas
ng pinagkainan nilang mag-anak.

“Hindi po ba labag ‘yun sa batas Ate?
Ang alam ko kasi ay walong oras lang dapat
ang trabaho ng mga manggagawa.
‘Yun din kasi ang sabi ng titser ko,”
wika ni Hana habang nakakunot
ang noo. Nahihiwagaan. Naguguluhan.

“Labag ‘yun! Sinabihan ko na nga dati
si Inay na umalis na sa kanyang trabaho
kasi maglilimang-taon na siyang
tagasako ng sabon ay kontraktwal pa rin siya.
Kaya nga hindi rin natin siya masisi
kung bakit pilit niya tayong pinagkakasya
sa barung-barong na tinitirhan natin ngayon
na ‘di hamak na mas maganda pa ‘ata
ang bahay ng alagang aso ni Simeon Tiu,
at mahal pa ang mga bilihin sa palengke,”
mabigat at padabog na sagot ni Calla.

“Nagkakasakit na nga rin si Inay.
Noong nakaraang linggo’y sinamahan ko siya
sa Pagamutang Bayan, paano ba naman kasi’y
mahigit isang linggo na ang kanyang ubo
at parang kinulam siya kasi nagbabalat
ang kanyang kamay na parang may galis
na ‘di mo malaman. Ang sabi ng doktor,
baka nakuha niya sa pagawaan.
Niresetahan naman siya
ng gamot ni Dok Isko,
kaso ang mamamahal.
Sinabihan pa niya si Inay na kailangan niyang magpahinga,
kaso, tahimik lang na tumango si Inay na para bang
may malalim na iniisip,” ‘ika ni Hana habang pinipiga
ang hawak-hawak na damit.

“Naku, asa ka pa eh nung Mother’s Day nga ay
ni hindi sila pinagpahinga. Sayang daw kasi ang kita
sabi ng boss nila. Kaya baka sa darating na panahon
ay magising na lamang tayo isang umaga na
matigas nang bangkay si Inay dahil daig pa
ang kalabaw kung kumayod sa pagawaan,”
sagot ni Calla habang isa-isang inaayos
ang mga tinidor, kutsara, plato, at mangkok.

“Ay! Ay! Ate! Kanginong damit ito
at bakit may bahid ng dugo!
Sa iyo ba ito?!
Ay! Ay! Bakit damit ito ni Inay!
Anong nangyari sa kanya?!” nang gulat-naghuhumiyaw
na si Hana.

“Kasama si Inay sa mga walang-awang sinaktan
ng mga eskirol ng pagawaan. Ayon sa kuwento
ni Aling Igmeng Panot ay nahampas ng batuta sa ulo
si Inay. Buti nga sa ulo raw ang tama ng ating Ina
kaysa sa asawa ni Asiong Bingi na bali raw ang ilong
at kahit na babae’y pinagtatadyakan pa daw sa tiyan
at dibdib at mukha. Kaya nga halos pumutok ang butsi
ng kanyang asawa sapagkat dinugo ito sa mismong barikada
nilang mga manggagawa. Nakakakilabot daw ang eksenang iyon
na parang sa pelikula lang daw nakikita,” nanginginig na sagot ni Calla
habang nakakuyom ang kanyang basang kamao.

“Bakit hindi ko ito alam Ate?!
Bakit ‘di mo agad sinabi?!”
tugon ng nakatayo’t naghihimutok
sa galit na si Hana.

“Paano ba naman kasi’y lagi kang abala sa inyong eskwelahan
at kung umuwi ka’y libro at pagbabasa ang iyong unang inaatupag,”
nang parang naniningil na tinig ni Hana.

“Eh nasaan na si Inay?” dagling bigkas ni Calla.

“Wala siya rito, pagkatapos mag-agaha’y pumunta sa pagawaan,
sa may barikada ng gaya niyang manggagawa,” maikling sagot ni Hana
habang nakayungyong ang ulo sa lupa na para bang uhay
ng palay na kay bibigat ang pasang butil.

Pagkarinig sa paliwanag ng kapatid
ay animo’y kidlat na kumaripas ng takbo si Calla
patungo sa barikada kung nasaan ang kanyang Ina
at iba pang mga Ama at Ina
na nakikibaka.
At nang mga sandaling yaon
ay nakabukas ang kanilang telebisyon
may mahinhin-malambing na tinig,
at boses ni Susan Roces iyon,
habang isa-isang lumalabas
ang imahe ng mga magkakaparis-
mag-asawa ang mga iyon
na nakasuot ng puting dami
na ang bawat paglabas nila’y sinasabayan
ng islogang “ Mula Noon, Ngayon At Magpakailanman,
Ang Champion Ay Tapat Sa Inyo.”

Hunyo 28, 2019
Lungsod ng Quezon, Maynila

Ritwal ng pagtataboy

Kay Imee Marcos

Wikipedia image.

Nais mapaalis ang espiritung panis 
sa tanggapan ay guni-guning naiwan ni Trillanes

Mula noon hanggang ngayon
gamit ng angkan ang ritwal ng pagnakaw

Lahat ng bagay, inangkin at hinuthot
dulas ng dila, inari pati liping Igorot

Pakawkaw* ay basbas ng pag-indak at pagpadyak
sa kabutihan ay pagpukaw, sa kamalasan ay pagsindak

Gangsa** ay may tunog ng kilabot
nanaghoy ang katarungan kay Macli-ing Dulag sa tribu ng Butbut
Gusali ng yabang, dinaan sa paspasan
dinilig ng dugo, buhay na tinabunan

Kinatay na aso, manok at baboy na inialay
aninag ang imahen sa apdo’t atay

Mambunong,*** napuno nang takot 
at bitaw ang nginig na tinig

“Senadora, ay mi…dalawang mukha ng espiritu ng ‘demonyo’…
walang dili iba, kundi ang ‘yung ina’t amang tirano!”

Kwentulang Marino (Ed Romano Labao)
28 Hunyo 2019
1:30 n.u

*pakawkaw-sayaw sa pagtawag sa mabuting espiritu at pagtaboy sa masama

**gangsa-bronze gong

***mambunong-native priest

Just New Spokes: Game of Thrones Never Wanted to Break the Wheel

A girl warns, “Here be spoilers.”

By L.S. Mendizabal/Kodao Productions

Finishing HBO’s Game of Thrones is like finally having that meal you’ve always daydreamt about after work on a Friday night. You get into a bustling restaurant and order the exact same meal but the waiter gives you the wrong dish half an hour later. You’re hungry and upset but you stay because they make it up to you and cook the meal you ordered even if it means waiting for another 30 minutes. Your dinner arrives at last but your anticipation already died. You eat the dish you fantasized about and realize that it’s actually quite bland. You go home still hungry, disappointed and dissatisfied, so do you reach for any leftovers in the fridge or do you sign a petition for better restaurant service, er, a better finale?

Image from GOT FB page.

Nah, there are much bigger things to petition for and act upon. I am not one of those fans who went out of their way to buy George R.R. Martin’s books before or after the TV series first aired in 2011, so whatever I’m writing now is based on my limited knowledge from the show and how I’ve come to understand its worldview. To those who also felt cheated one way or another, say aye! GoT showrunners David Benioff and D.B. Weiss are “not our bitch” (as Neil Gaiman had famously said of Martin) but they are subject to critique, especially when not only did they rush the last two seasons—perhaps due to the fact that the literary source material has yet to be published, but most likely because they are greedy, lazy writers, too—but also wrote an undoubtedly retrogressive socio-political narrative in the ending. They did not “break the wheel,” but set in motion an even bigger one with new spokes that would be auspiciously run by predominantly white male characters because surprise, surprise! Almost all the writers and directors of the series were white men.

The only good that’s come out of all this is the actual backlash the finale has been getting from highbrow critics to toxic fans and traditional viewers alike. These negative reactions must be welcomed and celebrated because they are how people should appraise art and culture as a mirror of the times. Which brings me to a reflective state: Why did we like GoT so much in the first place? I personally enjoyed Tyrion’s intelligent wit and humor before the seventh season (somehow, he’d magically lost all that from thereon, no?) and the fact that unpredictable deaths of major characters (at least for non-readers like me) would occur early on but the show continued to be as intriguing and appealing even after. The inevitability of death, the dearth of justice, and the vague lines between good and evil had lured a cult following that definitely sets the bar higher for other TV series. GoT introduced a fresh take on the high fantasy genre but not necessarily superior to the simplistic moral tales and Christian allegories that are more apt for younger audiences (think: The Chronicles of Narnia, The Lord of the Rings). For telenovela-loving Pinoy viewers, it was pretty much ordained that GoT would capture the middle-class (and up) Filipino imagination. Inter-family drama, secret parentage, scorned lovers and vengeful rampages—all the soap opera elements were present, coupled with a million-dollar production and overhyped publicity in between seasons and episodes. It was the perfect escape into a dark world that resembles so much of our own but with dragons, sorcery, faceless men and white walkers. When we voted for our senators, partylists, etc. on May 13, the subsequent local trending topics on Twitter were dominated by netizens’ feedback on the partial unofficial election results and that siege episode, both of which seemed to have sprung from “a coin toss among the gods.”

Viewers’ adverse reactions escalated when Daenerys Targaryen burned all the civilians (including helpless women and children) Drogon’s fire could reach in King’s Landing even as the bells tolled, signaling the Lannisters’ surrender regardless of Cersei’s unyielding command. Many were shocked, offended even, by these war crimes not so much because they were committed at all but because they were carried out by Dany, budding feminist icon and self-proclaimed “Breaker of Chains” after whom many babies were named Khaleesi by their parents recently. The genocide might have been a spontaneous decison, but The Mad Queen in Dany had been unravelling since season one. When she “rescued” women who were being raped by the Dothraki, she made them her personal servants before burning one to her death eventually when she failed to save Khal Drogo—who, by the way, violated his Targaryen child bride multiple times before she fell in love with him—by doing black magic that caused Dany’s miscarriage and his permanent vegetative state. Dany was well on her way to becoming a despot, holding onto her house’s entitlement to the Westerosi throne and justifying this further with a steadfast belief in her messianic role in bringing justice to the world with her “wheel-breaking” rhetoric and fire-breathing dragons. She used violence against the masters, while she was benevolent towards their slaves and merciful to the others who bent the knee for her. All these were utilized to her sole advantage, whether deliberately or not.

Image from GOT FB page.

The Unsullied, Second Sons and majority of the freed Dothraki and former slaves were made to believe that they had a choice but all ended up serving the silver-haired white Mother of Dragons anyway, expediting her journey across the Narrow Sea to the only thing she had ever wanted in the world more than any lover, child or a life of peace: the Iron Throne. She is your typical white savior who promises people of color autonomy over themselves but in reality, to borrow Ser Barristan’s words, “The men…will be slaves in all but name,” for they could not help but worship Dany with the powerful, rousing speeches and dragons which had not existed for a thousand years until her “children.” The colored people of Southern Essos were written that way: superstitious, crude (what with the prevailing master-slave relations) and more vulnerable to idolizing extraordinary beings than organizing themselves into a unified whole, say, a kingdom. The chiefly white population of Westeros, on the other hand, were written to be suspicious of foreigners, much more advanced in government and not easily beguiled into bending the knee for a Targaryen, let alone one with people of color in her service. Dany loved the Dothraki and the emancipated slaves because they could love her enough to be her first loyal devotees, subjects and army. Meanwhile, she only had murderous thoughts for those who questioned her authority. Note that the few times she was asked to exercise restraint were only a means to an end (e.g. not attacking King’s Landing immediately to first earn the trust of the people by securing alliances with the other major houses against Cersei). Her heart might have been theoretically “in the right place” when she crucified and burned the masters, but her overzealous quest for power, her superhuman ability of not burning, her dragons and the feudal monarchy system in Martin’s fictional medieval world were bound to corrupt her. Daenerys’s character is complex and irresistibly charismatic, but she is the embodiment of patriarchy and colonial dominance in the guise of a once wide-eyed innocent teenage girl, abused by her own brother and sold off like cattle to another male abuser as if to justify the monster she’d later become—a ruthless, deadly dragon in sheep’s clothing. Dany was written like that for us to sympathize with, to egg on, to root for. But looking back, who else cringed when she crowd-surfed amongst the newly freed slaves of Yunkai as they called her “Mhysa” (Mother) in chorus, a white dot in a backdrop of black and brown bodies?

Speaking of people of color, their representation had been mostly reduced to secondary protagonists, bellicose savages, slaves, prostitutes and extras. Seven hells, even Daenerys who supposedly traces her ancestry back to non-Caucasian Essos is white! Missandei’s character seems to have been purposely created to serve as confidante to Dany and love interest to Grey Worm, which were convenient enough motivations in their hellbent killing spree after Cersei had her beheaded. A white woman inciting another white woman to war by killing off the single remaining woman of color in the series is all you needed to prove that brown and black people in GoT did not have agency and couldn’t possibly evolve into anything more than mere tools to drive the plot forward in favor of a white character’s arc. If this looks bad now, wait until after a decade or so. It’ll be as racist as The Birth of A Nation (1915) and Uncle Remus singing “Zip-a-dee-doo-dah!” in the cotton fields in Disney’s Song of the South (1946). Of course, in the end, Grey Worm and the rest of the Unsullied along with the Dothraki horde sailed back to the east where they belonged.

Back in the North, The Wall separating greater Westeros from the wildlings was never taken down even with the eradication of the threat of the Night King care of Arya ex machina, another white savior about to explore “west beyond Westeros” presumably for the sake of knowledge and the imminent building of colonies because hello? How could the Westerosi reconstruct/rehabilitate their institutions and infrastructures (brothels and royal fleet included, yes) after the War of the Five Kings, the Great War and the Last War without having to borrow gold from the Iron Bank and importing resources from far richer lands to survive and pay their debts back? Alas, would this medieval fantasy world manage to slide into primitive capitalism without any upheavals from the toiling small folk, i.e. peasantry, the ones who were crushed the most by the wheel? After all, the writers killed their likely leaders, Mance Rayder and the main men of the Brotherhood Without Banners.

So far, the finale has taught me to beware of attractive women with strong personalities and political ambitions; that people of color are savages and better off dead, overseas or behind borders; that immigrants have no place in King Bran’s Westeros and Queen Sansa’s North (which are, in my opinion, poor consolation prizes for the audiences who are persons with disabilities and women respectively); and that white men, inspite of being “cripples, bastards and broken things,” can do nothing but sit and spy all day, or go to war rejecting female advice despite being terrible at strategy and tactics, or fail at their jobs repeatedly that they resign only to get promoted later, but still get to be whoever the hell they want to be. Nothing new came of the Council of the Dragon’s Pit but the selection of the king among high lords only, just another Kingsmoot! Of course, democracy would have been funny and absurd in feudal times! What were you thinking, Grand Maester Samwell? Meanwhile, the final shots were a sweet montage of the Starks being sent off to live right back in the sad world they had the chance to change but were too white and privileged to do so. Not even Ramin Djawadi’s beautiful scoring could hide that fact.

The reason most fans hated the GoT ending is that it failed to be their escape where hope, social progress and gracefully served poetic justice were all possible, and only brought them back to the depressing conditions of late capitalist crises in the world over, from civil wars to hate crimes to a botched national election all thanks to “Duterte magic.” The real Long Night has come. Only this time, there is no Promised Prince but Ourselves. “Don’t judge a TV series by its finale,” some might say. But GoT has proven that not only did Benioff and Weiss not break the wheel in its ending, they never reallyintended to from the very beginning. ⚔ out of five for this literal epic failure. #

158 days

Ni Pia Montalban

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